Accessibility
Testing
Accessibility Testing is very new concept in the field of software testing.However from the name itself it is clear that Software accessibility will be tested.This kind of testing is quite abstract, i.e. different from traditional or conevntional approach.
Definition: Accessibility
implies the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is
available to as many people as possible.
•“Ability
to access“.
•Accessibility
is also to focus on people with disabilities or special needs and their right
of access to entities.
•Accessibility
is often used to focus on people with disabilities or special needs and their
right of access to entities, often through use of assistive technology.
•Accessibility
Testing is an approach to measure a product's ability to be easily customized
or modified for the benefit of users with disabilities.
What is the purpose
of Accessibility Testing?
The
purpose of accessibility testing is to pinpoint problems within web sites and
products, which may otherwise prevent users with disabilities from accessing
the information they are searching for.
The
needs that Web accessibility aims to address include:
Visual impairments - Such as blindness, low or restricted
vision, or color blindness. User with visual impairments uses assistive
technology software that reads content loud. User with weak vision can also
make text larger with browser setting or magnificent setting of operating
system.
Motor skills - Such as the inability to use a
keyboard or mouse, or to make fine movements.
Hearing impairments - Such as reduced or total loss of
hearing
Cognitive
abilities - Such as reading
difficulties, dyslexia or memory loss
Speech
Disorder/Vocal Disability
Persons not able to speak clearly
A
speech disorder interferes with the ability to produce clearly understandable
speech.
There
can be many different causes, such as nerve degeneration, muscle degeneration,
stroke, and vocal cord injury.
Speech
synthesizer was developed to over come throat vibrator which was used to
produce speech.
Speech-Language
PathologyPhonology
Ø Morphology
Ø Semantics
Ø Pragmatics
Type of Disabilities:
- Speech Disorder.
- Vocal Disability.
- Hearing Impairment.
- Visual Impairment.
- Physically challenged
Speech Synthesizer
Speech
synthesis is the artificial production of human speech.
Text-to-speech
(TTS) system converts normal language text into speech.
Text-to-speech
program allows people with visual impairments or reading disabilities to listen
to written works on a home computer.
Stephen Hawking is using speech
synthesis to communicate.
Hearing Impairment
An
individual satisfies the definition of hearing disabled when hearing loss is
about 30dB for a single frequency, but they are not handicap.
Telecommunication
Device for the Deaf (TDD) became available in the form of the teletype
(TTY).Telecommunications device for the deaf.
1.
2.Teleprinter
1.Telecommunications device for the deaf
An
electronic device for text communication over a telephone for person with hearing
and speech difficulties.
Size
of a typewriter or laptop computer with a QWERTY keyboard and small screen that
uses LEDs or an LCD screen to display typed text electronicall
Text
is transmitted live, via a telephone line, to a compatible device, i.e. one
that uses a similar communication protocol
2.Teleprinter
Communicate
typed messages from point to point and point to multipoint over a variety of
communication channels that range from a simple electrical connection.
They can serve mainframe computers and mini
computers sending typed data to the computer with or without printed output,
and printing the response from the computer
Visual Impairment
Visual
impairment can be one of the most difficult kinds of handicap.
A
wide range of technology products are available
This
includes screen magnification for monitors, mouse-over speech synthesis
browsing, Braille displays, Braille printers, Braille cameras, voice operated
phones and tablet
- Touch Sight Camera.
- Refreshable Braille display.
- Speech synthesizer.
- Opera Voice Browsing
Touch Sight Camera
Designed
specifically for those with impaired vision, the revolutionary camera allows
it's user to take 'pictures' of whatever they like.
It
immediately displays the image, not on an LCD screen, but on a raised Braille
display sheet on the back of the camera.
Three
second audio clip the moment you press the shutter button, so that the user can
then use the sound as a point of reference reviewing all their photos in their
own time.
Refreshable Braille display
Electro-mechanical
device for displaying Braille
Especially
for blind computer users who cannot read the normal computer text.
VoiceOver
Supports
more than one braille device at a time upto 32 braille displays connected
simultaneously to the same computer
Build
in functionality in OS and pre installed.
Makes
it possible for those who are blind or have low vision to control their
computer.
More
compactable than simply a text-to-speech tool.
Features of VoiceOver
The
Alex voice
Alex
uses advanced Apple technologies to deliver natural intonation in English even
at extraordinarily fast speaking rates. Alex is so natural he even breathes
between long passages.
International
voices :Voices that speak 22 languages.
Braille
- Supports wireless braille displays.
- Unique feature called braille mirroring.
VoiceOver
already works with a wide range of applications.
Talking
Alerts
Talking Alerts automatically speak the contents of dialogs and alerts.
Talking
Calculator
Calculator that speaks each button you press and the results of the
calculation.
It
has three modes: a simple calculator, a scientific calculator, and a
programmer’s calculator.
Talking
Clock
If you’d like the time of day spoken to you, you can instruct your Mac to
speak it automatically Or you can use a voice command to have your Mac speak
the time of day whenever you like.
Physically challenged
Missing
arms and fingers
This
can be one of the most devastating types of handicap.
Software's
used to overcome:Speech recognition
Dragon
naturally Speaking
Opera
Voice Browsing
Apple
Accessibility
Speech recognition
The
term "voice recognition" is sometimes used to refer to recognition
systems that must be trained to a particular speaker—as is the case for most
desktop recognition software.
Recognizing
the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech.
Dragon Naturally Speaking
Dragon
Dictate is for Mac Operating System
Opera Voice Browsing
Available
for the English language and the Windows platform
Apple Accessibility
Need
not train Mac to use it.
MacSpeech
called dictate.
Testing Approaches
- For accessibility testing to succeed, test team should plan a separate cycle for accessibility testing..
- Typical test cases for accessibility might look similar to the following examples.
- Make sure that all functions are available via keyboard only (do not use mouse).
- Make sure that information is visible when display setting is changed to High Contrast modes.
- Make sure that screen reading tools can read all the text available and every picture/Image have corresponding alternate text associated with it.
- Make sure that product defined keyboard actions do not affect accessibility keyboard shortcuts.
- Development team can make sure that their product is partially accessibility compliant by code inspection and Unit testing.
-
Test team needs to certify that product is accessibility compliant during the functional testing phase. In most cases, accessibility checklist is used to certify the accessibility compliance. This checklist can have information on what should be tested, how it should be tested and status of product for different access related problems.
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