India is a land of diverse religion, caste and rich custom. Even in this country with golden heart it is very unfortunate to state that there has always been a section in the society, which was discriminated against and were never given equal opportunity and allowed to be the best that they can be. The reservation was primarily meant to lend this vulnerable section a helping hand, which would assist them in catching up with the rest and provide a level playing field. It was this reasons that this special provision of reservation was moulded in the competition at the behest of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar who was a strongest proponent of reservation in India.
The seed of reservation in India were sown with the inception of constitution. The initial provision of reservation under the constitution was originally meant for 20 years. But every consequent government has extended this provision for further years and years there since. There is a common misconception that the British are responsible for introducing reservation .It was more the situation and the popular voices coupled with strong demand from some section of the society that prompted the introduction of reservation. Even a person of the stature of Mahatma Gandhi was against discrimination or favour on the basis of caste, creed or descent, but unfortunately he was forced to succumb to popular, no matter how unjustified the claims were. In the end Gandhiji used reservation as a tool to integrate the 'Harijans' & the untouchables of the society into the main stream National Movement for freedom.
With the framework of our constitution 27% seats are reserved in government jobs and higher education. But different state governments have different percentage of reservation for example Tamil Nadu is having 69% of reservation in government jobs and higher education.
Seats are reserved for S.C., S.T., Backward Castes and O.B.C. in varying ratio by the central government and state government. This caste is decided based on birth, so can never be changed. While a person can change his religion, and his economic status can fluctuate, the caste is permanent. In central government-funded higher education institutions: 22.5% seats are reserved for scheduled caste and scheduled tribe students. (15% for SC and 7.5% for ST) for example AIIMS is having 14% reserved seats for SC and 8% for ST. In addition, SC/ST students with only 50% scores are eligible for admissions. But in some states there is also reservation for some minor communities as such Andhra Pradesh is having 4% reservation for muslims. The quota system sets aside a proportion of all possible positions for members of a specific group.
Besides reservation on the basis of caste and religion there is provision of reservation in higher education on the basis of state of domicile and college of under graduation.
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